Apocalypse and Eschatology

Apocalypse is also supposed to describe a particular form of eschatology, particularly beliefs about the end of the world. This is the sense in which the word is used in Ernst Kasemann’s famous claim that apocalyptic is the mother of Christian theology. Kasemann meant that early Christians believed in the imminent return of Jesus, and this expectation shaped their entire outlook. Kasemann said that it was characteristic of apocalyptic eschatology to acknowledge that the world is not yet subjected to God’s will, but that the subjection of the world has already begun, begun so thoroughly that it is in sight. This is the perspective of Paul, Kasemann said, an “no perspective could be more apocalyptic.” Christopher Rowland provides a fuller description of the eschatological perspective that is usually thought to be embedded in apocalypses: “the doctrine of the two ages, a pessimistic attitude towards the present, supernatural intervention as the only basis for redemption, and an urgent ex...